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<title>Cryptophyceae</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cryptophyceae</span></span>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)">Cryptophyceae

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Rhodomonas salina</i>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class=" taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></span>

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<td>Domain:

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<td><a href="Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a>

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<td><i>Clade</i>:

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<td><a href="Pancryptista" title="Pancryptista">Pancryptista</a>

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<td>Phylum:

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<td><a href="Cryptista" title="Cryptista">Cryptista</a>

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<td>Subphylum:

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<td><a href="Rollomonadia" title="Rollomonadia">Rollomonadia</a>

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<td>Superclass:

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<td><a href="Cryptomonad" title="Cryptomonad">Cryptomonada</a>

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<td>Class:

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)">Orders

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<ul><li><a href="Tetragonidiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetragonidiales">Tetragonidiales</a></li>

<li><a href="Pyrenomonadales" title="Pyrenomonadales">Pyrenomonadales</a></li>

<li><a href="Cryptomonadales" title="Cryptomonadales">Cryptomonadales</a></li></ul>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a>

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<ul><li>Cryptomonada <small>Senn 1900</small></li>

<li>Cryptomonadinae <small>Pascher 1913</small></li>

<li>Cryptomonadophyceae <small>Pascher ex Schoenichem 1925</small></li></ul>

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<p>The <b>Cryptophyceae</b> are a class of <a href="Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18397952_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18397952-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most of which have <a href="Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">plastids</a>. About 230 species are known,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they are common in freshwater, and also occur in marine and brackish habitats. Each cell is around <a href="1_E-5_m" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E-5 m">10–50 μm</a> in size and flattened in shape, with an anterior groove or pocket. At the edge of the pocket there are typically two slightly unequal <a href="Flagellum" title="Flagellum">flagella</a>.

</p><p>Some exhibit <a href="Mixotrophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixotrophy">mixotrophy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-urlCryptophyta_-_the_cryptomonads_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlCryptophyta_-_the_cryptomonads-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div>

<p>Cryptophytes are distinguished by the presence of characteristic <a href="Extrusome" title="Extrusome">extrusomes</a> called <a href="Ejectosome" title="Ejectosome">ejectosomes</a> or ejectisomes, which consist of two connected spiral ribbons held under tension.<sup id="cite_ref-Graham_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the cells are irritated either by mechanical, chemical or light stress, they discharge, propelling the cell in a zig-zag course away from the disturbance. Large ejectosomes, visible under the light microscope, are associated with the pocket; smaller ones occur underneath the <a href="Periplast" title="Periplast">periplast</a>, the cryptophyte-specific cell surrounding.<sup id="cite_ref-MorrallGreenwood_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MorrallGreenwood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GrimStaehelin_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrimStaehelin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Except for <i><a href="Chilomonas" title="Chilomonas">Chilomonas</a></i>, which has <a href="Leucoplast" title="Leucoplast">leucoplasts</a>, cryptophytes have one or two chloroplasts. These contain <a href="Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">chlorophylls</a> <i>a</i> and <i>c</i>, together with <a href="Phycobiliprotein" title="Phycobiliprotein">phycobiliproteins</a> and other pigments, and vary in color (brown, red to blueish-green). Each is surrounded by four membranes, and there is a reduced <a href="Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus">cell nucleus</a> called a <a href="Nucleomorph" title="Nucleomorph">nucleomorph</a> between the middle two. This indicates that the plastid was derived from a <a href="Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">eukaryotic</a> symbiont, shown by genetic studies to have been a <a href="Red_alga" class="mw-redirect" title="Red alga">red alga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas2002_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglas2002-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the plastids are very different from red algal plastids: phycobiliproteins are present but only in the thylakoid lumen and are present only as phycoerythrin or <a href="Phycocyanin" title="Phycocyanin">phycocyanin</a>. In the case of "Rhodomonas" the crystal structure has been determined to 1.63Å;<sup id="cite_ref-Wilk1999_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilk1999-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it has been shown that the alpha subunit bears no relation to any other known phycobiliprotein.

</p><p>A few cryptophytes, such as <i><a href="Cryptomonas" title="Cryptomonas">Cryptomonas</a></i>, can form palmelloid stages, but readily escape the surrounding mucus to become free-living flagellates again. Some <i>Cryptomonas</i> species may also form immotile <a href="Microbial_cyst" title="Microbial cyst">microbial cysts</a>–resting stages with rigid cell walls to survive unfavorable conditions. Cryptophyte flagella are inserted parallel to one another, and are covered by bipartite hairs called <a href="Mastigonemes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastigonemes">mastigonemes</a>, formed within the <a href="Endoplasmic_reticulum" title="Endoplasmic reticulum">endoplasmic reticulum</a> and transported to the cell surface. Small scales may also be present on the flagella and cell body. The <a href="Mitochondrion" title="Mitochondrion">mitochondria</a> have flat <a href="Crista" title="Crista">cristae</a>, and <a href="Mitosis" title="Mitosis">mitosis</a> is open; <a href="Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">sexual reproduction</a> has also been reported.

</p><p>The group have evolved a whole range of light-absorbing pigments, called phycobilins, which are able to absorb wavelengths that are not accessible to other plants or algae, allowing them to live in a variety of different ecological niches.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An ability that originates from the evolution of a unique light‐harvesting antenna complex derived from two relict parts of the red algal <a href="Phycobilisome" title="Phycobilisome">phycobilisome</a>, which was completely dismantled during the endosymbiotic process.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>While cryptophytes are usually seen as asexual, sexual reproductions do occur; both haploid and diploid forms have been found. The two species <i>Teleaulax amphioxeia</i> and <i>Plagioselmis prolonga</i> are now considered to be the same species, where <i>T. amphioxeia</i> is the diploid form and <i>P. prolonga</i> is the haploid form. The diploid form is most common when there are more nutrients in the water. Two haploid cells will often fuse to form a diploid cell, mixing their genes.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cryptophyceae" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Cryptophyceae">Wikispecies:Cryptophyceae</a></div>

<p>The first mention of cryptophytes appears to have been made by <a href="Christian_Gottfried_Ehrenberg" title="Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg">Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg</a> in 1831,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while studying <a href="Infusoria" title="Infusoria">Infusoria</a>. Later, botanists treated them as a separate <a href="Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> group, class Cryptophyceae or division Cryptophyta, while zoologists treated them as the <a href="Flagellate" title="Flagellate">flagellate</a> <a href="Protozoa" title="Protozoa">protozoa</a> order Cryptomonadina. In some classifications, the cryptomonads were considered close relatives of the <a href="Dinoflagellate" title="Dinoflagellate">dinoflagellates</a> because of their (seemingly) similar pigmentation, being grouped as the <a href="Pyrrhophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrrhophyta">Pyrrhophyta</a>. There is considerable evidence that cryptophyte chloroplasts are closely related to those of the <a href="Heterokont" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterokont">heterokonts</a> and <a href="Haptophyte" title="Haptophyte">haptophytes</a>, and the three groups are sometimes united as the <a href="Chromista" title="Chromista">Chromista</a>. However, the case that the organisms themselves are closely related is not very strong, and they may have acquired plastids independently. Currently they are discussed to be members of the clade <a href="Diaphoretickes" title="Diaphoretickes">Diaphoretickes</a> and to form together with the <a href="Haptophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Haptophyta">Haptophyta</a> the group <a href="Hacrobia" title="Hacrobia">Hacrobia</a>. Parfrey et al. and Burki et al. placed Cryptophyceae as a sister clade to the <a href="Green_algae" title="Green algae">green algae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>One suggested grouping is as follows: (1) <i><a href="Cryptomonas" title="Cryptomonas">Cryptomonas</a></i>, (2) <i><a href="Chroomonas" title="Chroomonas">Chroomonas</a>/<a href="Komma_caudata" title="Komma caudata">Komma</a></i> and <i><a href="Hemiselmis" title="Hemiselmis">Hemiselmis</a></i>, (3) <i><a href="Rhodomonas" title="Rhodomonas">Rhodomonas</a>/<a href="Rhinomonas" title="Rhinomonas">Rhinomonas</a>/<a href="Storeatula" title="Storeatula">Storeatula</a></i>, (4) <i><a href="Guillardia" title="Guillardia">Guillardia</a>/<a href="Hanusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanusia">Hanusia</a></i>, (5) <i><a href="Geminigera" title="Geminigera">Geminigera</a>/<a href="Plagioselmis" title="Plagioselmis">Plagioselmis</a>/<a href="Teleaulax" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleaulax">Teleaulax</a></i>, (6) <i><a href="Proteomonas_sulcata" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteomonas sulcata">Proteomonas sulcata</a></i>, (7) <i><a href="Falcomonas_daucoides" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcomonas daucoides">Falcomonas daucoides</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-urlCryptomonads_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlCryptomonads-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><b>Class Cryptophyceae </b><small>Fritsch 1937</small> [Cryptomonadea <small>Stein 1878 emend. Schoenichen 1925</small>]

<ul><li>Genus <i>Wysotzkia</i> <small>Lemmermann 1899</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Urgorri</i> <small>Laza-Martinez 2012</small></li>

<li>Order <a href="Tetragonidiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetragonidiales">Tetragonidiales</a> <small>Kristiansen 1992</small>

<ul><li>Family <a href="Tetragonidiaceae" title="Tetragonidiaceae">Tetragonidiaceae</a> <small>Bourelly ex Silva1980</small>

<ul><li>Genus <i><a href="Bjornbergiella" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjornbergiella">Bjornbergiella</a></i> <small>Bicudo 1966</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Tetragonidium</i> <small>Pascher 1914</small></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li>Order <a href="Pyrenomonadales" title="Pyrenomonadales">Pyrenomonadales</a> <small>Novarino & Lucas 1993</small>

<ul><li>Family Baffinellaceae <small>Daugbjerg & Norlin 2018</small><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

<ul><li>Genus <i>Baffinella</i> <small>Norlin & Daugbjerg 2018</small></li></ul></li>

<li>Family <a href="Chroomonadaceae" title="Chroomonadaceae">Chroomonadaceae</a> <small>Clay, Cugrens & Lee 1999</small>

<ul><li>Genus ?<i>Smithimastix</i> <small>Skvortzov 1969</small> [<i>Smithiella</i> <small>Skvortzov 1968 nom. illeg.</small>]</li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Chroomonas" title="Chroomonas">Chroomonas</a></i> <small>Hansgirg 1885</small></li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Falcomonas" title="Falcomonas">Falcomonas</a></i> <small>Hill 1991</small></li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Hemiselmis" title="Hemiselmis">Hemiselmis</a></i> <small>Parke 1949</small></li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Komma_(alga)" class="mw-redirect" title="Komma (alga)">Komma</a></i> <small>Hill 1991</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Nodeana</i> <small>Skvortzov 1968</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Planonephros</i> <small>Christensen 1978</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Protochrysis</i> <small>Pascher 1911</small></li></ul></li>

<li>Family <a href="Geminigeraceae" title="Geminigeraceae">Geminigeraceae</a> <small>Clay, Cugrens & Lee 1999</small>

<ul><li>Genus <i><a href="Geminigera" title="Geminigera">Geminigera</a></i> <small>Hill 1991</small></li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Guillardia" title="Guillardia">Guillardia</a></i> <small>Hill & Wetherbee 1990</small></li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Phia" title="Phia">Phia</a></i> <small>Özdikmen 2009</small> [<i><a href="Hanusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanusia">Hanusia</a></i> <small>Deane et al. 1998 non Cripps 1989</small>]</li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Plagioselmis" title="Plagioselmis">Plagioselmis</a></i> <small>Butcher 1967 ex Novarino, Lucas & Morrall 1994</small></li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Teleaulax" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleaulax">Teleaulax</a></i> <small>Hill 1991</small></li></ul></li>

<li>Family <a href="Pyrenomonadaceae" title="Pyrenomonadaceae">Pyrenomonadaceae</a> <small>Novarino & Lucas 1993</small>

<ul><li>Genus <i><a href="Proteomonas" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteomonas">Proteomonas</a></i> <small>Hill & Wetherbee 1986</small></li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Rhinomonas" title="Rhinomonas">Rhinomonas</a></i> <small>Hill & Wetherbee 1988</small></li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Rhodomonas" title="Rhodomonas">Rhodomonas</a></i> <small>Karsten 1898</small> [<i><a href="Pyrenomonas" title="Pyrenomonas">Pyrenomonas</a></i> <small>Santore 1984</small>]</li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Storeatula" title="Storeatula">Storeatula</a></i> <small>Hill 1991</small></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li>Order <a href="Cryptomonadales" title="Cryptomonadales">Cryptomonadales</a> <small>Pascher 1913</small>

<ul><li>Family ?<a href="Butschliellaceae" title="Butschliellaceae">Butschliellaceae</a> <small>Skvortzov 1968</small>

<ul><li>Genus <i>Butschliella</i> <small>Skvortzov 1968</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Skvortzoviella</i> <small>Bourelly 1970</small></li></ul></li>

<li>Family ?Cyathomonadaceae <small>Pringsheim 1944</small>

<ul><li>Genus <i>Cyathomonas</i> <small>de Fromentel 1874</small></li></ul></li>

<li>Family ?<a href="Hilleaceae" title="Hilleaceae">Hilleaceae</a> <small>Pascher 1967</small>

<ul><li>Genus <i>Calkinsiella</i> <small>Skvortzov 1969</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Hillea</i> <small>Schiller 1925</small></li></ul></li>

<li>Family ?<a href="Pleuromastigaceae" title="Pleuromastigaceae">Pleuromastigaceae</a> <small>Bourrelly ex Silva 1980</small>

<ul><li>Genus ?<i>Opisthostigma</i> <small>Scherfffel 1911</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Pleuromastix</i> <small>Scherffel 1912 non Namyslowski 1913</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Xanthodiscus</i> <small>Schewiakoff 1892</small></li></ul></li>

<li>Family <a href="Cryptomonadaceae" title="Cryptomonadaceae">Cryptomonadaceae</a> <small>Ehrenberg 1831</small> [Campylomonadaceae <small>Clay, Kugrens & Lee 1999</small>; <a href="Cryptochrysidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptochrysidaceae">Cryptochrysidaceae</a> <small>Pascher 1931</small>]

<ul><li>Genus ?<i><a href="Chilomonas" title="Chilomonas">Chilomonas</a></i> <small>Ehrenberg 1831</small></li>

<li>Genus ?<i>Protocryptochrysis</i> <small>Skvortzov 1969</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Cryptella</i> <small>Pascher 1929</small></li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Cryptochloris" title="Cryptochloris">Cryptochloris</a></i> <small>Schiller 1925</small></li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Cryptochrysis" title="Cryptochrysis">Cryptochrysis</a></i> <small>Pascher 1911</small></li>

<li>Genus <i><a href="Cryptomonas" title="Cryptomonas">Cryptomonas</a></i> <small>Ehrenberg 1832</small> [<i><a href="Campylomonas" class="mw-redirect" title="Campylomonas">Campylomonas</a></i> <small>Hill 1991</small>]</li>

<li>Genus <i>Cyanomastix</i> <small>Lackey 1936</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Isoselmis</i> <small>Butcher 1967</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Kisselevia</i> <small>Skvortzov 1969</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Meyeriella</i> <small>Skvortzov 1968</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Olivamonas</i> <small>Skvortzov 1969</small></li>

<li>Genus <i>Protocryptomonas</i> <small>Skvortzov 1969 ex Bicudo 1989</small></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDaugbjergNorlinLovejoy2018" class="citation journal cs1">Daugbjerg, Niels; Norlin, Andreas; Lovejoy, Connie (2018-07-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012175435/https://www1.bio.ku.dk/staff/ndaugbjerg/pdf/Daugbjerg_et_al_2018.pdf">"<i>Baffinella frigidus</i> gen. et sp. nov. (Baffinellaceae fam. nov., Cryptophyceae) from Baffin Bay: Morphology, pigment profile, phylogeny, and growth rate response to three abiotic factors"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>J. Phycol</i>. <b>54</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">665–</span>680. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjpy.12766">10.1111/jpy.12766</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1529-8817">1529-8817</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30043990">30043990</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:51718360">51718360</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.bio.ku.dk/staff/ndaugbjerg/pdf/Daugbjerg_et_al_2018.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2018-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-26</span></span>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/Cryptomonads/2396">Tree of Life: Cryptomonads</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Extant_life_phyla/divisions_by_domain74" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant <a href="Life" title="Life">life</a> phyla/divisions by domain</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bacteria12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abditibacteriota" title="Abditibacteriota">Abditibacteriota</a></li>

<li><a href="Acidobacteriota" title="Acidobacteriota">Acidobacteriota</a></li>

<li><a href="Actinomycetota" title="Actinomycetota">Actinomycetota</a></li>

<li><a href="Aquificota" title="Aquificota">Aquificota</a></li>

<li><a href="Armatimonadota" title="Armatimonadota">Armatimonadota</a></li>

<li><a href="Atribacterota" title="Atribacterota">Atribacterota</a></li>

<li><a href="Bacillota" title="Bacillota">Bacillota</a></li>

<li><a href="Bacteroidota" title="Bacteroidota">Bacteroidota</a></li>

<li><a href="Balneolales" title="Balneolales">Balneolota</a></li>

<li><a href="Caldisericota" class="mw-redirect" title="Caldisericota">Caldisericota</a></li>

<li><a href="Caldithrix" title="Caldithrix">Calditrichota</a></li>

<li><a href="Chlamydiota" title="Chlamydiota">Chlamydiota</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_sulfur_bacteria" title="Green sulfur bacteria">Chlorobiota</a></li>

<li><a href="Chloroflexota" title="Chloroflexota">Chloroflexota</a></li>

<li><a href="Chrysiogenota" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysiogenota">Chrysiogenota</a></li>

<li><a href="Coprothermobacterota" title="Coprothermobacterota">Coprothermobacterota</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">Cyanobacteriota</a></li>

<li><a href="Deferribacterota" class="mw-redirect" title="Deferribacterota">Deferribacterota</a></li>

<li><a href="Deinococcota" title="Deinococcota">Deinococcota</a></li>

<li><a href="Dictyoglomus" title="Dictyoglomus">Dictyoglomerota</a></li>

<li><a href="Elusimicrobiota" title="Elusimicrobiota">Elusimicrobiota</a></li>

<li><a href="Fibrobacterota" title="Fibrobacterota">Fibrobacterota</a></li>

<li><a href="Fidelibacter" title="Fidelibacter">Fidelibacterota</a></li>

<li><a href="Fusobacteriota" title="Fusobacteriota">Fusobacteriota</a></li>

<li><a href="Gemmatimonadota" title="Gemmatimonadota">Gemmatimonadota</a></li>

<li><a href="Kiritimatiellota" title="Kiritimatiellota">Kiritimatiellota</a></li>

<li><a href="Lentisphaerota" title="Lentisphaerota">Lentisphaerota</a></li>

<li><a href="Minisyncoccota" title="Minisyncoccota">Minisyncoccota</a></li>

<li><a href="Mycoplasmatota" title="Mycoplasmatota">Mycoplasmatota</a></li>

<li><a href="Nitrospinota" title="Nitrospinota">Nitrospinota</a></li>

<li><a href="Nitrospirota" title="Nitrospirota">Nitrospirota</a></li>

<li><a href="Planctomycetota" title="Planctomycetota">Planctomycetota</a></li>

<li><a href="Pseudomonadota" title="Pseudomonadota">Pseudomonadota</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhodothermota" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodothermota">Rhodothermota</a></li>

<li><a href="Spirochaete" title="Spirochaete">Spirochaetota</a></li>

<li><a href="Synergistota" title="Synergistota">Synergistota</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermodesulfobacteriota" title="Thermodesulfobacteriota">Thermodesulfobacteriota</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermomicrobiota" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermomicrobiota">Thermomicrobiota</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermotogae" title="Thermotogae">Thermotogota</a></li>

<li><a href="Verrucomicrobiota" title="Verrucomicrobiota">Verrucomicrobiota</a></li>

<li><a href="Vulcanimicrobiota" title="Vulcanimicrobiota">Vulcanimicrobiota</a></li>

<li>"<a href="Candidatus_Acetithermum" title="Candidatus Acetithermum"><i>Ca.</i> Acetithermota</a>"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Aerophobota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Babelota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Binatota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Bipolaricaulota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Caldipriscota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Calescibacteriota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Canglongiota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Cloacimonadota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Cryosericota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Deferrimicrobiota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Dormiibacterota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Electryoneota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Elulimicrobiota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Fermentibacterota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Fervidibacterota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Goldiibacteriota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Heilongiota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Hinthialibacterota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Hydrogenedentota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Hydrothermota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Kapaibacteriota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Krumholzibacteriota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Kryptoniota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Latescibacterota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Lernaellota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Macinerneyibacteriota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Margulisiibacteriota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Moduliflexota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Muiribacteriota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Omnitrophota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Parcunitrobacterota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Peregrinibacteriota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Qinglongiota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Rifleibacteriota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Sumerlaeota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Tectimicrobiota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Tianyaibacteriota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Wirthibacterota"</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Archaea11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="Archaea" title="Archaea">Archaea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Methanobacteriota" title="Methanobacteriota">Methanobacteriota</a></li>

<li><a href="Microcaldus" title="Microcaldus">Microcaldota</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanobdellota" title="Nanobdellota">Nanobdellota</a></li>

<li><a href="Asgard_(Archaea)" title="Asgard (Archaea)">Promethearchaeota</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermoproteota" title="Thermoproteota">Thermoproteota</a></li>

<li>"<a href="Candidatus_Aenigmatarchaeum" title="Candidatus Aenigmatarchaeum"><i>Ca.</i> Aenigmatarchaeota</a>"</li>

<li>"<a href="Candidatus_Altarchaeota" class="mw-redirect" title="Candidatus Altarchaeota"><i>Ca.</i> Altarchaeota</a>"</li>

<li>"<a href="Aigarchaeota" class="mw-redirect" title="Aigarchaeota"><i>Ca.</i> Augarchaeota</a>"</li>

<li>"<a href="Candidatus_Geoarchaeota" title="Candidatus Geoarchaeota"><i>Ca.</i> Geoarchaeota</a>"</li>

<li>"<a href="Hadesarchaea" title="Hadesarchaea"><i>Ca.</i> Hadarchaeota</a>"</li>

<li>"<a href="Candidatus_Huberarchaeum" title="Candidatus Huberarchaeum"><i>Ca.</i> Huberarchaeota</a>"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Hydrothermarchaeota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Iainarchaeota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Micrarchaeota"</li>

<li>"<a href="Nanohaloarchaea" title="Nanohaloarchaea"><i>Ca.</i> Nanohalarchaeota</a>"</li>

<li>"<a href="Candidatus_Nezhaarchaeota" title="Candidatus Nezhaarchaeota"><i>Ca.</i> Nezhaarchaeota</a>"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Parvarchaeota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Poseidoniota"</li>

<li>"<i>Ca.</i> Undinarchaeota"</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryote</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Protist" title="Protist">Protist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancyromonadida" title="Ancyromonadida">Ancyromonadida</a></li>

<li><a href="Apicomplexa" title="Apicomplexa">Apicomplexa</a></li>

<li><a href="Apusomonad" title="Apusomonad">Apusomonadida</a></li>

<li>Aquavolonida</li>

<li><a href="Bigyra" title="Bigyra">Bigyra</a></li>

<li><a href="Breviatea" title="Breviatea">Breviatea</a></li>

<li><a href="Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Charophyta" title="Charophyta">Charophyta</a></li>

<li><a href="Chlorophyta" title="Chlorophyta">Chlorophyta</a></li>

<li><a href="Choanoflagellate" title="Choanoflagellate">Choanoflagellata</a></li>

<li><a href="Chrompodellid" title="Chrompodellid">Chromerida</a></li>

<li><a href="Ciliate" title="Ciliate">Ciliophora</a></li>

<li><a href="Diphylleida" class="mw-redirect" title="Diphylleida">Collodictyonidea</a></li>

<li><a href="Colponemid" title="Colponemid">Colponemida</a></li>

<li><a href="Cryptista" title="Cryptista">Cryptista</a></li>

<li>Developea</li>

<li><a href="Dinoflagellate" title="Dinoflagellate">Dinoflagellata</a></li>

<li><a href="Endomyxa" title="Endomyxa">Endomyxa</a></li>

<li><a href="Euglenozoa" title="Euglenozoa">Euglenozoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Filasterea" title="Filasterea">Filasterea</a></li>

<li><a href="Glaucophyte" title="Glaucophyte">Glaucophyta</a></li>

<li><a href="Glissandra" title="Glissandra">Glissandrida</a></li>

<li><a href="Gymnosphaerid" title="Gymnosphaerid">Gymnosphaerida</a></li>

<li><a href="Haptista" title="Haptista">Haptista</a></li>

<li><a href="Hemimastigophora" title="Hemimastigophora">Hemimastigophora</a></li>

<li><a href="Ichthyosporea" title="Ichthyosporea">Ichthyosporea</a></li>

<li><a href="Jakobid" title="Jakobid">Jakobea</a></li>

<li><a href="Malawimonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawimonada">Malawimonada</a></li>

<li><a href="Mantamonas" title="Mantamonas">Mantamonadea</a></li>

<li><a href="Metamonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamonada">Metamonada</a></li>

<li><a href="Nebulidia" title="Nebulidia">Nebulidia</a></li>

<li><a href="Nibbleridia" title="Nibbleridia">Nibbleridia</a></li>

<li><a href="Nucleariid" title="Nucleariid">Nucleariidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Ochrophyte" title="Ochrophyte">Ochrophyta</a></li>

<li><a href="Heterolobosea" title="Heterolobosea">Heterolobosea</a></li>

<li><a href="Perkinsea" title="Perkinsea">Perkinsozoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Picozoa" title="Picozoa">Picozoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Pirsonia" title="Pirsonia">Pirsonea</a></li>

<li><a href="Pluriformea" title="Pluriformea">Pluriformea</a></li>

<li><a href="Pseudofungi" title="Pseudofungi">Pseudofungi</a></li>

<li><a href="Retaria" title="Retaria">Retaria</a></li>

<li><a href="Red_algae" title="Red algae">Rhodophyta</a></li>

<li><a href="Rigifilida" title="Rigifilida">Rigifilidea</a></li>

<li><a href="Telonemia" title="Telonemia">Telonemia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Fungus" title="Fungus">Fungi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota">Chytridiomycota</a></li>

<li><a href="Blastocladiomycota" title="Blastocladiomycota">Blastocladiomycota</a></li>

<li><a href="Neocallimastigomycota" title="Neocallimastigomycota">Neocallimastigomycota</a></li>

<li><a href="Glomeromycota" title="Glomeromycota">Glomeromycota</a></li>

<li><a href="Zygomycota" title="Zygomycota">Zygomycota</a></li>

<li><a href="Ascomycota" title="Ascomycota">Ascomycota</a></li>

<li><a href="Basidiomycota" title="Basidiomycota">Basidiomycota</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Embryophyte" title="Embryophyte">Land plant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiospermae</a></li>

<li><a href="Moss" title="Moss">Bryophyta</a></li>

<li><a href="Liverwort" title="Liverwort">Marchantiophyta</a></li>

<li><a href="Hornwort" title="Hornwort">Anthocerotophyta</a></li>

<li><a href="Lycophyte" title="Lycophyte">Lycopodiophyta</a></li>

<li><a href="Pteridophyte" title="Pteridophyte">Pteridophyta</a></li>

<li><a href="Cycad" title="Cycad">Cycadophyta</a></li>

<li><a href="Ginkgophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginkgophyta">Ginkgophyta</a></li>

<li><a href="Conifer" title="Conifer">Pinophyta</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnetophyta" title="Gnetophyta">Gnetophyta</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sponge" title="Sponge">Porifera</a></li>

<li><a href="Ctenophora" title="Ctenophora">Ctenophora</a></li>

<li><a href="Placozoa" title="Placozoa">Placozoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a></li>

<li><a href="Xenacoelomorpha" title="Xenacoelomorpha">Xenacoelomorpha</a></li>

<li><a href="Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li>

<li><a href="Hemichordate" title="Hemichordate">Hemichordata</a></li>

<li><a href="Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">Echinodermata</a></li>

<li><a href="Chaetognatha" title="Chaetognatha">Chaetognatha</a></li>

<li><a href="Kinorhyncha" title="Kinorhyncha">Kinorhyncha</a></li>

<li><a href="Loricifera" title="Loricifera">Loricifera</a></li>

<li><a href="Priapulida" title="Priapulida">Priapulida</a></li>

<li><a href="Nematode" title="Nematode">Nematoda</a></li>

<li><a href="Nematomorpha" title="Nematomorpha">Nematomorpha</a></li>

<li><a href="Onychophora" title="Onychophora">Onychophora</a></li>

<li><a href="Tardigrade" title="Tardigrade">Tardigrada</a></li>

<li><a href="Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a></li>

<li><a href="Flatworm" title="Flatworm">Platyhelminthes</a></li>

<li><a href="Gastrotricha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastrotricha">Gastrotricha</a></li>

<li><a href="Orthonectida" title="Orthonectida">Orthonectida</a></li>

<li><a href="Dicyemida" title="Dicyemida">Dicyemida</a></li>

<li><a href="Rotifer" title="Rotifer">Rotifera</a></li>

<li><a href="Acanthocephala" title="Acanthocephala">Acanthocephala</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnathostomulida" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnathostomulida">Gnathostomulida</a></li>

<li><a href="Micrognathozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Micrognathozoa">Micrognathozoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Cycliophora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycliophora">Cycliophora</a></li>

<li><a href="Nemertea" title="Nemertea">Nemertea</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoronid" title="Phoronid">Phoronida</a></li>

<li><a href="Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa">Bryozoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Entoprocta" title="Entoprocta">Entoprocta</a></li>

<li><a href="Brachiopoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Brachiopoda">Brachiopoda</a></li>

<li><a href="Mollusca" title="Mollusca">Mollusca</a></li>

<li><a href="Annelid" title="Annelid">Annelida</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><i><a href="Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">Incertae sedis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="Parakaryon" title="Parakaryon">Parakaryon</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Relate: <a href="Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">Extraterrestrial life</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eukaryote_classification1348" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Eukaryote_classification1348" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryote</a> classification</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist">

<dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="Domain_(biology)" title="Domain (biology)">Domain</a></span></dt>

<dd>Archaea</dd>

<dd>Bacteria</dd>

<dd>Eukaryota</dd>

<dt><span class="nobold">(major groups</span></dt>

<dd>Metamonada</dd>

<dd>Discoba</dd>

<dd><a href="Diaphoretickes" title="Diaphoretickes">Diaphoretickes</a>

<dl><dd>Hacrobia

<dl><dd>Cryptista</dd></dl></dd>

<dd>Rhizaria</dd>

<dd>Alveolata</dd>

<dd>Stramenopiles</dd>

<dd>Plants</dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Amorphea" title="Amorphea">Amorphea</a>

<dl><dd>Amoebozoa</dd>

<dd>Opisthokonta

<dl><dd>Animals</dd>

<dd>Fungi</dd>

<dd>Mesomycetozoea)</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl>

</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amorphea96" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="Amorphea" title="Amorphea">Amorphea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amoebozoa13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Discosea" title="Discosea">Discosea</a></li>

<li><a href="Tubulinea" title="Tubulinea">Tubulinea</a></li>

<li><a href="Variosea" class="mw-redirect" title="Variosea">Variosea</a></li>

<li><a href="Archamoebea" class="mw-redirect" title="Archamoebea">Archamoebea</a></li>

<li><a href="Cutosea" title="Cutosea">Cutosea</a></li>

<li><b><a href="Eumycetozoa" title="Eumycetozoa">Eumycetozoa <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(true slime molds)</span></a></b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="Obazoa" title="Obazoa">Obazoa</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apusomonadidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Apusomonadidae">Apusomonadida</a></li>

<li><a href="Breviatea" title="Breviatea">Breviatea</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="Opisthokonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Holomycota14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="Holomycota" title="Holomycota">Holomycota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nucleariid" title="Nucleariid">Rotosphaerida</a></li>

<li><b><a href="Fungus" title="Fungus">Fungi</a></b>¹</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="Holozoa" title="Holozoa">Holozoa</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Tunicaraptor" title="Tunicaraptor">Tunicaraptor</a></i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Bicellum" title="Bicellum">Bicellum</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Ichthyosporea" title="Ichthyosporea">Ichthyosporea</a></li>

<li><a href="Pluriformea" title="Pluriformea">Pluriformea</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="Filozoa" title="Filozoa">Filozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Filasterea" title="Filasterea">Filasterea</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa">Choanozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Choanoflagellate" title="Choanoflagellate">Choanoflagellata</a></li>

<li><b><a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animalia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(animals)</span></a></b>¹</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="Diaphoretickes" title="Diaphoretickes">Diaphoretickes</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Telonemia" title="Telonemia">Telonemia</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="Haptista" title="Haptista">Haptista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Centroplasthelida" class="mw-redirect" title="Centroplasthelida">Centroplasthelida</a></li>

<li><a href="Haptophyte" title="Haptophyte">Haptophytina</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)">    <a href="SAR_supergroup" title="SAR supergroup">SAR</a>    </div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Endomyxa" title="Endomyxa">Endomyxa</a></li>

<li><a href="Retaria" title="Retaria">Retaria</a>

<ul><li><b><a href="Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">Foraminifera</a></b></li>

<li><b><a href="Radiolaria" title="Radiolaria">Radiolaria</a></b><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">*</span></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="Alveolata" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolata">Alveolata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Colponemida" class="mw-redirect" title="Colponemida">Colponemida</a><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">*</span></li>

<li><b><a href="Ciliate" title="Ciliate">Ciliophora <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(ciliates)</span></a></b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80); vertical-align:middle;"><a href="Myzozoa" title="Myzozoa">Myzozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Apicomplexa" title="Apicomplexa">Apicomplexa</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Chrompodellid" title="Chrompodellid">Chrompodellida</a></li>

<li><b><a href="Dinoflagellate" title="Dinoflagellate">Dinoflagellata</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Perkinsozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Perkinsozoa">Perkinsozoa</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="Stramenopiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Stramenopiles">Stramenopiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Platysulcus" title="Platysulcus">Platysulcus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Kaonashia" title="Kaonashia">Kaonashia</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="Bigyra" title="Bigyra">Bigyra</a><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">*</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bicosoecea" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicosoecea">Bicosoecida</a></li>

<li><a href="Placidozoa" title="Placidozoa">Placidozoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Sagenista" title="Sagenista">Sagenista</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="Gyrista" title="Gyrista">Gyrista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Developea</li>

<li><a href="Pirsoniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirsoniales">Pirsoniales</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyphochytriomycetes" title="Hyphochytriomycetes">Hyphochytriomycetes</a></li>

<li><b><a href="Ochrophyte" title="Ochrophyte">Ochrophyta <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(brown algae, diatoms and relatives)</span></a></b></li>

<li><b><a href="Oomycete" title="Oomycete">Oomycetes <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(water molds)</span></a></b></li>

<li><a href="Actinophryid" title="Actinophryid">Actinophryida</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="CAM_(clade)" title="CAM (clade)">CAM</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="Pancryptista" title="Pancryptista">Pancryptista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Microheliella" title="Microheliella">Microheliella</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="Cryptista" title="Cryptista">Cryptista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Palpitomonas" title="Palpitomonas">Palpitomonas</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Katablepharid" title="Katablepharid">Katablepharidida</a></li>

<li><a href="Cryptomonad" title="Cryptomonad">Cryptomonada</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a><br><span class="nobold">(<a href="Plant" title="Plant">plants <i>sensu lato</i></a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Picozoa" title="Picozoa">Picozoa</a></li>

<li><b><a href="Red_algae" title="Red algae">Rhodophyta <span class="nobold">(red algae)</span></a></b></li>

<li><a href="Rhodelphis" title="Rhodelphis">Rhodelphidia</a></li>

<li><a href="Glaucophyte" title="Glaucophyte">Glaucophyta</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viridiplantae(green_plants_orplants_sensu_stricto)152" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="Viridiplantae" title="Viridiplantae">Viridiplantae<br><span class="nobold">(green plants or<br>plants <i>sensu stricto</i>)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Prasinodermophyta" title="Prasinodermophyta">Prasinodermophyta</a></li>

<li><b><a href="Chlorophyta" title="Chlorophyta">Chlorophyta</a></b></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Streptophyta16" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="Streptophyta" title="Streptophyta">Streptophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mesostigmatophyceae" title="Mesostigmatophyceae">Mesostigmatophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Chlorokybus" title="Chlorokybus">Chlorokybophyceae</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Spirotaenia" title="Spirotaenia">Spirotaenia</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Klebsormidiales" title="Klebsormidiales">Klebsormidiophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Charophyceae" title="Charophyceae">Charophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Coleochaetophyceae" title="Coleochaetophyceae">Coleochaetophyceae</a></li>

<li><b><a href="Zygnematophyceae" title="Zygnematophyceae">Zygnematophyceae</a></b></li>

<li><b><a href="Embryophyte" title="Embryophyte">Embryophyta <span class="nobold">(land plants or plants <i>sensu strictissimo</i>)</span></a></b>¹</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)">"<a href="Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavates</a>"*</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Discoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Discoba">Discoba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jakobid" title="Jakobid">Jakobea</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Tsukubamonas" title="Tsukubamonas">Tsukubamonas</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Discicristata" title="Discicristata">Discicristata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Heterolobosea" title="Heterolobosea">Heterolobosea</a></li>

<li><b><a href="Euglenozoa" title="Euglenozoa">Euglenozoa</a></b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Metamonad" title="Metamonad">Metamonada</a><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">*</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anaeramoeba" title="Anaeramoeba">Anaeramoebidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Parabasalid" title="Parabasalid">Parabasalia</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Barthelona" title="Barthelona">Barthelona</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Skoliomonas" title="Skoliomonas">Skoliomonas</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Trichozoa" title="Trichozoa">Fornicata</a></li>

<li><a href="Anaeromonadea" title="Anaeromonadea">Preaxostyla</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Malawimonad" title="Malawimonad">Malawimonadida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Malawimonadidae" title="Malawimonadidae">Malawimonadidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Imasidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Imasidae">Imasidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><i><b><a href="Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">Incertae sedis</a></b></i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Provora" title="Provora">Provora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nebulidia" title="Nebulidia">Nebulidia</a></li>

<li><a href="Nibbleridia" title="Nibbleridia">Nibbleridia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hemimastigophora" title="Hemimastigophora">Hemimastigophora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Spironematellidae" title="Spironematellidae">Spironematellidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Paramastigidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramastigidae">Paramastigidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ancyromonadida" title="Ancyromonadida">Ancyromonadida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Ancyromonadidae</li>

<li>Planomonadidae</li>

<li><i><a href="Divimonas" title="Divimonas">Divimonas</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="CRuMs" title="CRuMs">CRuMs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Collodictyonidae" title="Collodictyonidae">Diphylleida</a></li>

<li><a href="Mantamonadida" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantamonadida">Mantamonadida</a></li>

<li><a href="Rigifilida" title="Rigifilida">Rigifilida</a></li>

<li><a href="Glissandra" title="Glissandra">Glissandrida</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">Genera of<br>uncertain affiliation</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Acinetactis" title="Acinetactis">Acinetactis</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Actinastrum" title="Actinastrum">Actinastrum</a></i></li>

<li><i>Berkeleyaesol</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Kamera_lens" title="Kamera lens">Kamera</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Magosphaera" class="mw-redirect" title="Magosphaera">Magosphaera</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Meringosphaera" title="Meringosphaera">Meringosphaera</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Meteora_sporadica" title="Meteora sporadica">Meteora</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Parakaryon" title="Parakaryon">Parakaryon</a></i> (?)</li>

<li><i><a href="Quasibodo" title="Quasibodo">Quasibodo</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Tetrahelia" title="Tetrahelia">Tetrahelia</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Acritarch" title="Acritarch">Acritarchs</a><br><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">and other fossils</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†<a href="Algospongia" title="Algospongia">Algospongia</a></li>

<li>†<i>Archaeochaeta</i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Cephalonyx" title="Cephalonyx">Cephalonyx</a></i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Changchengia" title="Changchengia">Changchengia</a></i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Cheleutochroa" title="Cheleutochroa">Cheleutochroa</a></i></li>

<li>†<a href="Chitinozoan" title="Chitinozoan">Chitinozoa</a></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Coryphidium" title="Coryphidium">Coryphidium</a></i></li>

<li>†<i>Cucumiforma</i></li>

<li>†<i>Dictyosphaera</i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Diskagma" title="Diskagma">Diskagma</a></i> (?)</li>

<li>†<i>Eosolena</i></li>

<li>†<a href="Francevillian_biota" title="Francevillian biota">Francevillian biota</a> (?)</li>

<li>†<i>Germinosphaera</i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Grandilingulata" title="Grandilingulata">Grandilingulata</a></i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Granomarginata" title="Granomarginata">Granomarginata</a></i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Grypania" title="Grypania">Grypania</a></i></li>

<li>†<a href="Gunflint_chert" title="Gunflint chert">Gunflint microbiota</a></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Horodyskia" title="Horodyskia">Horodyskia</a></i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Introvertocystis" title="Introvertocystis">Introvertocystis</a></i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Korilophyton" title="Korilophyton">Korilophyton</a></i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Leiosphaeridia" title="Leiosphaeridia">Leiosphaeridia</a></i></li>

<li>†<i>Navifusa</i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Portalites" title="Portalites">Portalites</a></i></li>

<li>†<a href="Protosterol_biota" title="Protosterol biota">Protosterol biota</a></li>

<li>†<i>Pterospermopsimorpha</i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Qingshania" title="Qingshania">Qingshania</a></i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Quadrisporites" title="Quadrisporites">Quadrisporites</a></i></li>

<li>†<i>Schizofusa</i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Shuiyousphaeridium" title="Shuiyousphaeridium">Shuiyousphaeridium</a></i></li>

<li>†<i>Simia</i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Tappania" title="Tappania">Tappania</a></i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Tawuia" title="Tawuia">Tawuia</a></i> (?)</li>

<li>†<i><a href="Tetraporina" title="Tetraporina">Tetraporina</a></i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Thuchomyces" title="Thuchomyces">Thuchomyces</a></i> (?)</li>

<li>†<i><a href="Tuanshanzia" title="Tuanshanzia">Tuanshanzia</a></i></li>

<li>†<i>Valeria</i></li>

<li>†<i><a href="Vernanimalcula" title="Vernanimalcula">Vernanimalcula</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li>¹non-<a href="Protist" title="Protist">protist</a> groups</li>

<li>*possibly <a href="Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> groups</li>

<li><b>bold</b> denotes groups with over 1,000 species<br></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <a href="Taxonomy_of_protists" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomy of protists">Taxonomy of protists</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eukaryota:_Hacrobia(?):_Cryptista1016" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Eukaryota:_Hacrobia(?):_Cryptista1016" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Eukaryota" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a>: <a href="Hacrobia" title="Hacrobia">Hacrobia</a>(?): <a href="Cryptista" title="Cryptista">Cryptista</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist">

<dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="Domain_(biology)" title="Domain (biology)">Domain</a></span></dt>

<dd>Archaea</dd>

<dd>Bacteria</dd>

<dd>Eukaryota</dd>

<dt><span class="nobold">(major groups</span></dt>

<dd>Metamonada</dd>

<dd>Discoba</dd>

<dd><a href="Diaphoretickes" title="Diaphoretickes">Diaphoretickes</a>

<dl><dd>Hacrobia

<dl><dd>Cryptista</dd></dl></dd>

<dd>Rhizaria</dd>

<dd>Alveolata</dd>

<dd>Stramenopiles</dd>

<dd>Plants</dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Amorphea" title="Amorphea">Amorphea</a>

<dl><dd>Amoebozoa</dd>

<dd>Opisthokonta

<dl><dd>Animals</dd>

<dd>Fungi</dd>

<dd>Mesomycetozoea)</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl>

</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Corbihelia" title="Corbihelia">Corbihelia</a>(?)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Endohelea" class="mw-redirect" title="Endohelea">Endohelea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Microhelida" class="mw-redirect" title="Microhelida">Microhelida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microheliellidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Microheliellidae">Microheliellidae</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Microheliella" title="Microheliella">Microheliella</a></i></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Heliomonadida" title="Heliomonadida">Heliomonadida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Heliomorphidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliomorphidae">Heliomorphidae</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Heliomorpha" title="Heliomorpha">Heliomorpha</a></i></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Corbistoma" title="Corbistoma">Corbistoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Picobiliphyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Picobiliphyte">Picomonadea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Picomonadida16" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Picomonadida" class="mw-redirect" title="Picomonadida">Picomonadida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Picomonadidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Picomonadidae">Picomonadidae</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Picomonas" class="mw-redirect" title="Picomonas">Picomonas</a></i></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Telonemia" title="Telonemia">Telonemea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Telonemida14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Telonemida" class="mw-redirect" title="Telonemida">Telonemida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Telonemidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Telonemidae">Telonemidae</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Telonema" title="Telonema">Telonema</a></i></li>

<li><i>Lateronema</i></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cryptista" title="Cryptista">Cryptista</a><br>(sensu stricto)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Palpitia" class="mw-redirect" title="Palpitia">Palpitia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Palpitea12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Palpitea" class="mw-redirect" title="Palpitea">Palpitea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Palpitomonadida19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Palpitomonadida" class="mw-redirect" title="Palpitomonadida">Palpitomonadida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Palpitomonadidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Palpitomonadidae">Palpitomonadidae</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Palpitomonas" title="Palpitomonas">Palpitomonas</a></i></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Rollomonadia" title="Rollomonadia">Rollomonadia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Katablepharidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Katablepharidea">Katablepharidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"></table><div>

<ul><li><a href="Katablepharidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Katablepharidaceae">Katablepharidaceae</a> <i>(<a href="Hatena_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatena (genus)">Hatena</a>, <a href="Kathablepharis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathablepharis">Kathablepharis</a>, <a href="Leucocryptos" title="Leucocryptos">Leucocryptos</a>, <a href="Platychilomonas" class="mw-redirect" title="Platychilomonas">Platychilomonas</a>, <a href="Roombia" title="Roombia">Roombia</a>)</i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cryptomonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptomonada">Cryptomonada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Goniomonadea" title="Goniomonadea">Goniomonadea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Goniomonadida" class="mw-redirect" title="Goniomonadida">Goniomonadida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Goniomonadidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Goniomonadidae">Goniomonadidae</a> (<i><a href="Goniomonas" title="Goniomonas">Goniomonas</a></i>)</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hemiarmida" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemiarmida">Hemiarmida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hemiarmidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemiarmidae">Hemiarmidae</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Hemiarma" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemiarma">Hemiarma</a></i></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CRY1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cryptomonadales" title="Cryptomonadales">Cryptomonadales</a><br>(sensu Shalchian-Tabrizi<br>et al 2008)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tetragonidiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetragonidiales">Tetragonidiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tetragonidiaceae20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tetragonidiaceae" title="Tetragonidiaceae">Tetragonidiaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="Bjornbergiella" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjornbergiella">Bjornbergiella</a></i>, <i>Tetragonidium</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cryptomonadales" title="Cryptomonadales">Cryptomonadales</a> <br>(sensu Novarino<br> 1993)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Butschliellaceae" title="Butschliellaceae">Butschliellaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Butschliella</i>, <i>Skvortzoviella</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cryptochrysidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptochrysidaceae">Cryptochrysidaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="Cryptochrysis" title="Cryptochrysis">Cryptochrysis</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyathomonadaceae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Cyathomonas</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hilleaceae" title="Hilleaceae">Hilleaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Calkinsiella</i>, <i>Hillea</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pleuromastigaceae" title="Pleuromastigaceae">Pleuromastigaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Pleuromastix</i>, <i>Xanthodiscus</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cryptomonadaceae" title="Cryptomonadaceae">Cryptomonadaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="Chilomonas" title="Chilomonas">Chilomonas</a></i>, <i><a href="Cryptella" title="Cryptella">Cryptella</a></i>, <i><a href="Cryptochloris" title="Cryptochloris">Cryptochloris</a></i>, <i><a href="Cryptomonas" title="Cryptomonas">Cryptomonas</a></i>, <i>Cyanomastix</i>, <i>Isoselmis</i>, <i>Kisselevia</i>, <i>Meyeriella</i>, <i>Olivamonas</i>, <i>Protocryptomonas</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pyrenomonadales" title="Pyrenomonadales">Pyrenomonadales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baffinellaceae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Baffinella</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chroomonadaceae" title="Chroomonadaceae">Chroomonadaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="Chroomonas" title="Chroomonas">Chroomonas</a></i>, <i><a href="Falcomonas" title="Falcomonas">Falcomonas</a></i>, <i><a href="Hemiselmis" title="Hemiselmis">Hemiselmis</a></i>, <i><a href="Komma_caudata" title="Komma caudata">Komma</a></i>, <i>Nodeana</i>, <i>Planonephros</i>, <i>Protochrysis</i>, <i>Smithimastix</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Geminigeraceae" title="Geminigeraceae">Geminigeraceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="Guillardia" title="Guillardia">Guillardia</a></i>, <i><a href="Hanusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanusia">Hanusia</a></i>, <i><a href="Geminigera" title="Geminigera">Geminigera</a></i>, <i><a href="Teleaulax" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleaulax">Teleaulax</a></i>, <i><a href="Plagioselmis" title="Plagioselmis">Plagioselmis</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pyrenomonadaceae" title="Pyrenomonadaceae">Pyrenomonadaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="wrap"><i><a href="Proteomonas" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteomonas">Proteomonas</a></i>,<i><a href="Pyrenomonas" title="Pyrenomonas">Pyrenomonas</a></i>, <i><a href="Rhinomonas" title="Rhinomonas">Rhinomonas</a></i>, <i><a href="Rhodomonas" title="Rhodomonas">Rhodomonas</a></i>, <i><a href="Storeatula" title="Storeatula">Storeatula</a></i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers4943" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers4943" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Taxon identifiers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Cryptomonada</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21281984" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q21281984">Q21281984</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cryptomonada" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Cryptomonada">Cryptomonada</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=146220">146220</a></span></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Cryptophyta</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18668642" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q18668642">Q18668642</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cryptophyta" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Cryptophyta">Cryptophyta</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="AlgaeBase" title="AlgaeBase">AlgaeBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/detail/?taxonid=97243">97243</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1CRYPP">1CRYPP</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/124900">124900</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=105">105</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0021057604">NHMSYS0021057604</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/100370466">100370466</a></span></span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Cryptophyceae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488032" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q488032">Q488032</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cryptophyceae" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Cryptophyceae">Cryptophyceae</a></span></span></span></li>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-03" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Cryptophyceae&oldid=1303993691">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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